Return to site

Exploring Connections between Environmental Scarcity and Conflict

David Dessler

· Exploring Connection
broken image

As fully tenured professor of government at The College of William and Mary in Virginia from 1984 to 2017, David Dessler, PhD, had a research focus on foreign policy and international relations. Extensively published, Dr. David Dessler authored a review of Thomas F. Homer-Dixon’s The Environment, Scarcity, and Violence in the summer, 1999, issue of the Environmental Change and Security Project Report.

Describing the book as ambitious and part of an emerging, wide-ranging debate, Dr. Dessler draws attention to a central finding that renewable resource scarcity can contribute significantly to fostering insurgencies, ethnic clashes, and other types of civil unrest. The formulation is that, as freshwater, forest, and agricultural land becomes ever more scarce, incidents of violence will tend to increase.

As Dr. Dessler describes it, the main contribution of the book is in developing a new vocabulary and framework that transcends prior ways of debating relationships between economic wellbeing, population growth, resource scarcity, and conflict. The model of integrating social factors helps to visualize cause and effect better within “complex environmental systems.”
Dr. Dessler ultimately finds methodological weakness in Homer-Dixon’s definition of “environmental scarcity,” as it is not limited to resource supply and demand, but encompasses social and political factors. As he describes it, a more convincing approach would be to synthesize “rival explanatory accounts” in ways that provide a more nuanced understanding of complex situations with many factors in place.